Official source
The Qur'an
Quran.com presentation of the Qur'an with English translation support, used for mainstream Islamic source anchors.
The Qur'an, Quran.com, accessed June 16, 2026.
Open sourceObjection
The Trinity Is Shirk
The Trinity is shirk because it associates partners with Allah and turns monotheism into three gods.
The Trinity is not three gods. It is the Christian confession that the one God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, grounded in the Bible's one-God confession and its divine treatment of the Son and Spirit.
Reject the caricature
Islamic tawhid rejects associating partners with Allah. Christian doctrine also rejects three gods; it confesses one God while receiving what Scripture says about the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
Make the positive biblical case
The Christian answer should not rest on claiming that Qur'an 5:116 misunderstands Christianity. It should show why biblical monotheism, the deity of Christ, and the Spirit's personal divine agency belong together.
Sources
Secondary context
Jesus and the God of Israel
Scholarly work on early divine-identity Christology and Jewish monotheism.
Richard Bauckham, Jesus and the God of Israel: God Crucified and Other Studies on the New Testament's Christology of Divine Identity, Eerdmans, 2008.
Secondary context
Lord Jesus Christ
Scholarly work on devotion to Jesus in earliest Christianity.
Larry W. Hurtado, Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity, Eerdmans, 2003.
Reference
BibleRef
Reference pages used for BibleRef-first links to Scripture passages.
BibleRef, accessed June 16, 2026.
Open source